I was grateful for going to the movies with my dad, step mum, and sister this holiday. We went to watch the new AIR movie which is about a young Michael Jordan who was signing a deal with Nike. This was a fantastic movie and my family and I enjoyed it very much.
Some of the activities that I did to get outside were playing basketball with my siblings, going swimming, and going for walks. These things were fun and easy to do. They were very active and enjoyable.
During the holidays I got interested in a lot of cool movies like Top Gun, Barbie Girl, and Thomas and Friends.
This term I am looking forward to hanging out with friends. I’m also looking forward to learning more stuff in Science, English, and Social Studies.
Get some rocks and put them inside of your glass jar.
Make sure they are level and firm.
Then lay some activated charcoal on to the rocks.
Make sure the charcoal is flat.
Then add a thick layer of houseplant soil.
Make sure its packed in nicely
Add a thin layer of moss onto the soil.
Spray the terrarium with some water.
Then add some plants and sticks to your decision.
Then add some decor and worms if it’s needed.
Occasionally spray with water to keep hydrated.
You’re done!
Results:
Discussion
i have tried to build a terrarium that factors in PH levels and water levels. the standard ph level in side of a terrarium is 5.5 to 6.5 these ph levels are the most beneficial levels for plant growth. the standard water level of a terrarium is 1/8th of a cup. this water level is for a medium sized jar/container these water levels are prime for the plants.
the life inside of a terrarium
the life i put in my terrarium is moss and a plant but is that all no there is lots of life inside of the soil. the soil contains good bacteria and bad bacteria some of these are Acidobacteriota, Bacillus, and Pseudomonadota. these bacteria sustain the soil. But i did put activated charcoal inside the dirt which repels bad bacteria so i think i don’t have any bad bacteria inside my terrarium.
Conclusion.
This project was very fun and it was very interesting to learn about.
I want to find out what an onion cell looks like under a microscope.
Research:
Method:
Equipment:
Onion piece
Tweezers
Glass side
Microscope
Iodine solution
Dropper
Cover slip
Instructions:
Get your equipment ready
Be safe
Using your tweezers grab a thin layer of onion skin cells
Use your tweezers and place the thin onion skin cell layer onto the middle of the glass slide
Using the dropper place a drop of iodine solution onto the onion skin cells
Gently, lower a cover slip onto the onion cells
Put the slide onto the stage of the microscope
Use the smallest lenses and focus the image
Do the same thing but do it with the next biggest lenses
Take a photo of what you see under the microscope
Finished!
Results:
Discussion:
How do microscopes work?
The microscope uses the light from around you and lenses that are curved outward to create a zoomed in effect.
Do you have any interesting questions about cells?
Why do cells make different patterns?
The reason that plant cells are in different patterns is that they have different proteins to one an other which makes them unique
Why are different cells different colours?
One reason that cells are different colours is that they have different chemicals which can change their colours for example chlorophyll changes the colour of plant cells to green because of the reaction that chlorophyll creates.
What are the jobs of cells?
The cells inside a plant provide a structure and they house food to use to create energy.
How many cells are there in an human?
There are approximately 37.2 trillion cells inside of a human body.
When were microscopes invented?
Microscopes were supposedly created in 1600s
Conclusion
The study of microscopes was very fun and awesome to learn about.
A plant is a living eukaryotic (any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus (the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.) organism that can turn sunlight, water and CO2 into food. The plant also belongs to the plantae kingdom.
Structure of a plant.
Roots.
Roots are the fallback of a plant. Taking up air, water, and nutrients from the soil and moving them up into the leaves. The roots provide the nutrients for the leaves to create and do photosynthesis which makes the plant live. They also anchor the plant into the ground for extra protection.
Leaves.
The main function of a leaf is to produce food for the plant by photosynthesis with CO2, water and sunlight. The leaves make energy by taking in CO2 and water. The water than oxidises meaning that CO2 reduces which creates electrons then the electrons transform into oxygen and the CO2 into glucose (sugar) for the plants growth.
Flower
The primary purpose of the flower is reproduction. Flowers reproduce by Carriers getting nectar from the flower or from the air but in the process the carrier get coated in pollen by rolling around in the pollen. When they move onto the next flower the pollen rubs off of them or if it was a bee it would come off their hind legs to then pollinate that flower. The flower only blooms during a specific season spring.
Stem.
The stem transports water and nutrients up from the roots all the way to the leaves. There are two tubes that bring water up and food down they are called xylem and phloem tubes. The stem also brings glucose (sugar) to the roots.
The Mitochondria
The mitochondria are lots of Small structures in a cell that are found in the cytoplasm (fluid that surrounds the nucleus).
The Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
The Chloroplast
A food holder in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
The Cell Wall
The cell wall protects and provides a hard shell to provide strength and prevents stress.
The Nucleus
The nucleus serves as the genetic material holder and the main control centre of the cell
The Ribosome
The Ribosome is an inter cellular (located or occurring between cells.) structure that uses protein to run.
The cell Membrane
The cell Membrane is the barrier that is only allowing water to soak though to use for photosynthesis.
The Vacuole
The Vacuole stores nutrients and water on which the cell in use can rely for its survival and food production.
Animal cell do not contain cell walls or chloroplast in which the reason they don’t have hard green skin.
Leaves
Why do plants have leaves?
Leaves are the natural powerhouse of a plant. The leaves absorb sunlight CO2 and water to then create energy by using photosynthesis.
The Cutical
The cutical is the protection for the epidermis on the top and the bottom.
The Epidermis
The epidermis are the top and bottom skins of the leaf cells.
The palisade cells
The Palisades cells are the things in the middle that contain chloroplasts that are green because of the chlorophyll.
The stomata
The stomatas are little holes underneath the leaf are the entries and exits for gas like CO2 and oxygen.
The Phloem
Are the tubes that transport nutrients and food like glucose/sugar across the leaf.
The xylem
The xylem tube does the same job as the phloem tube.
Pollination
How does pollination happen?
Pollination is when carriers collect pollen off of the flower which then triggers the process pollination. to finish the process the carriers that collected the pollen from the flower will then pollinate another flower which then makes that flower produce pollen.
What is pollination?
Pollination is the process of making a flower produce pollen with the help of carriers.
Find a diagram of pollination.
Pollination of a bee.
How do Tui’s pollinate flowers?
During the Tuis feeding on the flowers the pollen lands on a certain part of its head which then rubs off on the stigma on the next flower they feed on.
Video:
Germination
What is germination?
The process of germination is when a plant comes to be after the period of dormancy (the time in which the plant is alive but not actively growing) this is triggered by time and the environment which is why a plant develops and grows.
Diagram of a flower:
Diagram of a seed:
YouTube clip of germination:
Summary of what happens during germination:
Germination is when a seed grows into a plant with the help of oxygen, water, and temperature. This process makes the seed leave the period of dormancy (the time the plant isn’t growing). The way that plants grow is dependent on the nearest stimulus for example if you bury a seed upside down the seed would naturally grow to the nearest stimulus like acid or light. These two things can guide the direction a plant grows. This creates the direction of the stalk.
Tropism
Tropism is the process of the stimulus guiding the stem of the plant in the most healthy direction.
Cotyledon
The cotyledon is the first food store for a plant due to its small roots it needs a backup storage facility for food when its in its early stages.
Conclusion
In conclusion plants are a very complicated subject but they are very interesting and i have learnt a lot from this blog study.
Causes and effects off the agricultural Revolution.
In this piece i am going to be explaining the neolithic revolution and how agriculture has become so important to humans. There are advantages and disadvantages to agriculture which i will also discuss.
One reason for large scale agriculture during the neolithic revolution 9000 years ago was population increase, this has meant that we need more food. For example there are now 8 billion people in the world, compared to 10 to 15 million nine thousand years ago.
One advantage of agriculture is control this is good because you can use and sell all of the food you grow and process. Which means everybody doesn’t have to farm because there are 50,000 farmers that can farm and others can do other things like being a mechanic, a doctor, or a bank teller these jobs at the time had 30,000 less workers. Therefore this will mean that we wont have a surplus of food, milk, or leather. Another advantage of agriculture is that, agriculture can be done nearly anywhere in the world. For example agriculture in different countries leads to different types of food. Therefore different counties can import other types of food which could help the seller to be introduced to different fruits/vegetables. Meaning that countries could form friendship over food.
One disadvantage of agriculture is that you have to work for a surplus more time for example farmers have to work 3 hours more than a minimum wage worker. Therefore this means that farmers are more tired. Having to work for more time can have many dissaddvantages like bad hours, less time for personal stuff, and less income. Due to this it makes me feel bad for farmers because they work 10x harder than anybody but they get the least payout. Another dissaddvantage of Agricultre is that youd have to live in remote areas because of thelack of space to farm in the city/town.
Civilisation drawing
The reason we need a temple is so the townsfolk can worship our god waveoralio (the god of fresh water).
The reason we need mountains is for extra protection.
The reason we need farms is to have a steady food source
The reason we need a river is that we need water and food for plants
The reason we need walls is to protect the city
The reason we need defence towers is to scout out rivals
The reason we need jobs is to have an economy
The reason we need a castle is for royalty
The reason we need houses is that we need a place for the townsfolk to live
Sumerian gods poster
Some of the things i learnt about Sumerian gods are that they used to be the only ones that got into heaven or at least this is what the humans thought
another thing is that the priests used to rule the land but then they were supplanted by kings for more kingship. This led to kings living in the sanctuary on the top of ziggurats.
The Sumerians also believed in many gods like fire gods, water gods, and earth gods.
My god
Waterloo is the god of fresh water he is the bringer of heath and prosperity he is the most prayed to god in the radians civilisation which made him a very important god. The god Waterloo has 2 siblings Earther, and Firea. the god Earther is the god of the earth and his sister Firea is the good of fire and lava. these three gods came from the god of the life and the godess of death.
Why is the bloody code so harsh?
The wealthy men decide the fate of the civilians that had committed crimes. Notice that wealthy women don’t get a say in the executions that happen this is because back when the bloody code was placed there was no gender equality. The wealthy men thought that if you committed a crime you were deemed sinful and deserved no mercy whatsoever. The wealthy men wanted to protect themselves they placed laws that would stop anybody from tearing down their wealth. The wealthy men had thought if they placed more laws punishable by death it would deter the criminals from doing those crimes.
Public Executions.
The wealthy civilians thought that making the crimes be punished by death so the criminals would be deterred from committing those crimes but this didn’t work very well. the people thought if they made it a public event they would be able to create more scare because of the publicity. for example, in Durham they would do public hangings in the Crown court and the people watched the criminals get hung and the wealthy people even rented balconies for a better view.
How well did it work?
the bloody code started very badly and stayed badly because they were not scared of the punishment due to their criminal nature. Most of the time the defenses didn’t work and the trials were almost instant decisions of death by hanging. the Judges did have a little bit of mercy because some people stole cattle and would get the same punishment as someone who stole a piece of fruit so sometimes the death sentence would be reduced to prison.
Alternatives for punishments.
if you did a small crime not worth the death penalty they would get one of your limbs cut off such as an arm or a leg. or they would burn a mark on you that represented your criminal background. they would also be put in stock and humiliated with whips or certain vegetables.
Other ways would include joining the Navy or going to war to avoid the death penalty. If you didn’t want to go to the Navy or the war you would get shipe doff to prison to be incinerated. these punishments were thought to be the same as death because it sucks.
Sensitivity-detecting your surroundings like light and heat
Growth-growth getting bigger by adding more cells
Reproduction- making a copy of yourself
Excretion-getting rid of the waste products like CO2 and urea (not poo!)
Nutrition-absorbing chemicals into cells.
Is water alive?
To be alive, you need to do the seven life processes. MRSGREN.
Water can move, but it cant move by itself.
Water can not reproduce and make water babies.
Water does not grow overtime.
Water can produce energy by splitting apart.
Therefore water is NOT alive.
Is Fire alive.
Fire can move.
Fire needs oxygen to live.
Fire can grow from other wood.
Fire can consume fuel.
Fire excretes smoke from the base.
Fire cannot reproduce and make babies.
So therefore Fire is NOT alive.
The features of a kiwi.
Brown feathers- to camouflage in bushes
no wings-because they live on the ground
long beak- to peek at the dirt for worm
strong toes- to run on rocks and dirt.
whiskers at the base of the beak- to warn them of objects
black eyes- to see in darker times
nostrils at the end of the beak- to breath and smell stuff like food
RATS.
long tail- to feel stuff out
black eyes- to see in the dark
sharp teeth- to tear food apart
How Maori viewed ecology
Maori regard land, soil and water as taonga (treasures). Maori are the kaitiaki (guardians) of these taonga, which provide a source of unity and identity for tangata whenua (local people). The loss of their lands is a key issue for Maori. the Moari view ecosystems with love and respect we believed that if bad things were done to the land, sea, or forests the ancestors would be mad these beliefs is what led to the treaty of waitangi. This treaty was created for the ownership of the land when the Maori signed it off the English started to destroy the land by creating homes which started agriculture and real estate. some ways of agriculture and real estate being bad is that most households contribute into the pollution of the sea/water and the destruction of land by building. This is how the Maori viewed the land before the English came. When the English came they were washed up on the bay of wellington because of their lack of houses and food the built houses and did agriculture while harming the environment this is how the English Maori war broke out. This deforestation led to the homes of moa, pukeko, and kiwis homes being destroyed this made the Maori feel like they failed their ancestors by not protecting the land and the animals within.
Conclusion
in conclusion the 7 life processes can be found within any living species like animals, mold and plants.
Secondly find a damp and warm place to let them sprout
Then when they get to 1 inch tall place them in plastic cups filled with soil and regularly spay with room temperature water
After you have done that put it in a sunny place to grow
Lastly water the beanstalk as it grows and you will be done
Don’t forget to write your name on the cup
Results:
NOT MY PHOTO
Discussion:
When a seed absorbs water the enzyme (a substance produced by a living organism) inside the seed triggers which commences the growth process. The embryo (the plant baby) gets bigger and stretches, then the embryo escapes the outer layers of the seed. While that is happening the roots expand out of the seed into sprouts with the meristemplant (the tissue that encourages growth) tissues active and then the root pushes through.
After the germinating process the plant goes into the next phase which makes it grow and thrive. After that the plant goes into the reproduction stage, the animals eat the plants which in turn spreads the plant seeds everywhere to grow.
Conclusion:
Our experiment went very smoothly and my plant is one of the tallest ones.
![BIOCHEMISTRY / CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF [BASIC] - Pathwayz](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YCYv1_g4Vz8/maxresdefault.jpg)
